新东方新概念第3册第6-10课完全笔记
lesson 6 Smash-and-grab
Vocabulary
smash: break sth into pieces violently
The dishes was smashed in the floor.
smash into 猛撞,猛冲.猛击
2 grab:seize suddenly
catch: get hold of sth / sb suddenly and violently
seize 强调抓住抓到的结果
grasp: 掌握
hold:抓牢,抓紧
He grabed me by the arm.
Fear seize her.
3 background背景
on the background of sth
background information
a man of excellent background
4 scramble vi. creep quickly
climb vt.爬
mount vt.登上(山)
5 fantastic: very great
large
wonderful
6 arcade
7 jewellery
8 velvet
9 headlight
10 blare
11 raid
12 ashtray
Text
1 介词短语修饰 shops
The shoe shop in my neighborhood was just opening.
2 同位语从句
Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display.
3 with 的复合结构 本课重点
A. 宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系用动词-ing 形式
B.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系用过去分词形式
C. 描述当时的情况用形容词, 副词，或介词短语. 表示宾语的状况.
D. 表达事情将要发生用动词的不定式 to
eg.
She stood there with her hands resting on her hips.
He ran into the room with his face covered with tears.
With his homework finished he felt happy.
He used to sleep with all windows open.
He went out with his hat on.
With the meeting over, we went home.
He came in with a knife in his hand.
Two others with black stockings over faces jumped out.
With a lot of homework to do, he can't go to the cinema.
with放在句首或句尾, 做状语, 表示行为方式, 原因, 或伴随状况.
with 放在名词后, 修饰限定该名词
eg. a thief with stocking over his face
a room with the windows open
4 come to + n.到达
come to a stop
come to an end
come to a decision
come to an agreement
come to an understanding
come to fame
come to success
5 at
at the butcher's
at the backer's
at the greengrocer's
at the chemist's
6 help oneself to自便
My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me.
7 too busy to notice any pain = concentrated one's mind that did not feel any pain
8 at a fantasic speed = at a tremendous speed = at a high( full ) speed = with great speed
9 hunderds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel 价值上百万美元的珠宝
10 前缀构词法 本课重点
(1) dis-
A. dis- + adj.
agreeable --disagreeable content --discontent
graceful ---disgraceful satisfactory ---dissatisfactory
B. dis- + n.
agreement ----disagreement honest ---dishonest
ability ---disability grace ----disgrace
C. dis-表示除去.解除 名词前加上dis-转化为动词
courage --- discourage root --- disroot
mask --- dismask burden --- disburden
(2) ill-后面接以l开头的形容词
legal --illegal logical -- illogical
literate -- illterate legible -- illegible
(3) im- 后面接以b, m, p, 开头的形容词
mortal -- immortal moral --- immoral
(4) ir-用在以r开头的形容词前
rational -- irrational resistble -- irresistible
(5) in- 用在以其他字母开头的形容词前
correct -- incorrect accurate -- inaccurate
(6) un- 后面接形容词或动词
"不" happy -- unhappy
" 无" condition -- uncondition
表示" 为" 主要用在过去分词前
decided -- undecided finished -- unfinished
用在动词前表示做相反的动作
lock -- unlock tie -- untie pack -- unpack
Difficlties in excersize
1 on one's way to在......的路上
on the way to在......的路上
He is on the way to become a lawer.
= He is on his way to become a lawer.
warn sb out of one's way提醒某人让路
in one's way挡路
2 名词前有修饰词时,修饰词的语序时先形容词后名词
3 speed强调加快动作和工作的进程
speed up
accelerate加速 v.
reverse 倒车 v.
4 overdressed穿着讲究的
5 overlooked俯瞰
6 as it happened这类事的发生
7 hurl用力投掷
8 project发射 = send up
lesson 7 Mutilated ladies
Vocabulary
1 mutilate 毁伤，残害 vt. 通常用做被动语态
He was mutilated in the accident, and now has only one leg.
You have already mutilated the novel by making such changes.
mutilation切断，残缺不全n.
2 chew咀嚼v.
A lot of people love chewing gums.
Don't bite off more than one can chew.
chew the fat聊天
chewed up(俚) worried, anxious
Don't get chewed up about your examation.
3 microwave oven微波炉
microswich微型开关 microfilm微缩胶卷 microscope显微镜 microphone microsecond百万分之一秒 microbiology微生物学
4 safekeeping妥善保管 n.
keep sth safe v.phr.---safekeeping n.
do evil v.phr. --- evildoing n.
make trouble v.phr. --- troublemaking n.
5 identify v.鉴定
identity n.身份
identification n. 认明, 确认
6 spodeswoman女发言人
Notes on the text
1 段首用疑问句引发读者的兴趣和注意力
2 rescue
save 救(性命)
salvage(在水中捞)救
rescue 抢救(东西)
Hundereds of people went to help the plane rescue .
3 whiter than white 在英国常见的广告用语，在这里译为 damaged, mutilated
4 make mistakes like this 犯这种错误
5 team组织
a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dogs
called Multitated Ladies 做team的定语, 表达被动意义。which引导定语从句修饰team ,说明这个组织的宗旨和 职能。which 引导的定语从句中又包含一个who引导的小从句，修饰限定people，这里的定语从句是具体说哪一类的人。
6 make a claim 提出要求
7 feed sth to 喂......给.....
这里是拟人
8 concern : is about
A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business.
whose引导的定语从句
9 run a factory, run a copany run 经营, 开
10 have a good day 这里指这一天的生意好
11 to keep it safe 为了保险起见
12 put his wallet containing (dollar)3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping
= put his wallet which contained (dollar)3,ooo ...
13 go horse-riding 去骑马
14 beautifully-cooked wallet 这里是讽刺,幽默的说法
15 John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilate Ladies!
who指代 bankmanager
16 so long as = oncondition that = provided = suppose, supposing
17 pay for为......付款, 付......款
pay off 还清债务
pay back (1)把钱还给某人(2)报复, 报仇
pay money back
pay sb back
Special difficulties
1 定语从句
2 现在分词
3 过去分词
4 后缀
--less 表示否定
careless
-ful 有, 充满了
hopeful careful
-ly
adj.+ -ly ---> adv. happy ---> happily
n. + -ly ---> adj. day ---> daily
-ic, -pic
energetic
-ish
childish womanish
-able
v. + -able ---> adj.
identify ---> identifiable
return ---> returnable
Lesson 8 The famous monastery
Vocabulary
1 monastery寺院，修道院
Abbot修道院院长
Convent nun修女
Abbess女修道院院长
2 rashly: not thinking enough of the result, boldly
3 enclosure围场，圈地
4 privacy n.宁静，隐居
Notes on the text
1 At 2,473 meters 介词短语修饰全文，放在句首，表示原因，条件或状态
In red, she looks much more beautiful.
2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
There were few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
顺利逃出没有受重伤的旅客很少。
非限制性定语从句
There were few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.
旅客很少，都顺利逃出，没有受重伤。
3 who导非限制性定语从句，指代人，在句中做主语
指代事物在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不用that
He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I need.
4 now that 既然
引导时间状语从句，后面接完成时态
Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
引导原因状语从句时态不限
Now that you won’t help me, I must do the job myself.
5 ever 与 what, who, when, where 连用，加强语气（特别是疑问句的语气）
Whoever told you that, didn’t know what he was talking about.
6 attempt to do sth ---try to do sth 前者更正式
7 There be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
8 in cars = by car
9 about = here and there
Don’t litter waste papers about.
10 wander about
注意wander和wonder发音不同
11 quite the opposite恰恰相反
12 prefer sth to sth
prefer to do than do
He prefers bananas than apples.
He prefers reading than doing nothing.
He prefers to read than do nothing.
13 the regular visitors to the monastery 来修道院参观的常客
14 These young people, who love the peace of the mountain, always receive a warm welcome at St Bernard’s monastery.
Who 引导的非限制性定语从句
Mike, who loves chess very much, entered for the game.
Lesson 9 Flying cats
Vocabulary
1 fascinate迷住，吸引住v.
be facinated with
近义词：
like , love , be fond of
be facinated with 对......着迷
be crasy about , be mad about
fascination 迷惑,蛊惑 n.
fascinating 迷 人的, 醉人的 adj.
2 affectionate充满深情的，柔情的
Cat is a kind of affectionate animal.
affectionatly adv.深情地
affection n.感情
3 mysterious adj. 神秘的，难以捉摸的
mystery n.秘密
4 submissive adj.服从的，顺从的
= obdient
be submissive to sb
submit v.屈服，顺从
submit oneself to sb /sth
submission n.
5 feline adj. 猫的
6 independence 独立性
7 windowsill n. 窗槛
8 paratrooper n. 伞兵
9 squirrel n. 松鼠
10 air-resistance n. 空气阻力
11 impact n. 冲击力
Notes in the text
1 Cats never fail to fascinate human beings.
never fail to 是双重否定。加深了句子的语义
双重否定又有四种：
（1）never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to
（2）在否定的形容词前加以否定
not reasonable, not uncommon
( 3 ) not+without
You can't obtain English without working hard.
( 4 ) no + not
There is no rule that has no exception.
2 have learned to 学会了，习惯于
3 be supicious of sb 怀疑某人，对某人存有戒心
4 One of the things that fascinates us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives.
是that引导的同位语从句
5 truth 不可数。用a great deal of 修饰
6 appearantly = It seems that ...
7 A cat's ability to survive falls is based on fact.
suvive v.
fall n.& v
be based on 基于事实上的
base sth on把......建立在......的基础上
We base the theory on the fact.
8 make a study of sth 对......做出研究
9 over a period of five month经过为时五个月
10 in common = the same
11 die from shock / injures / wound强调非自然死亡
die of illness / disease / hunger / thirsty 强调因疾病，寒冷饥饿或感情因素死亡
12 be shortage of = be lack of
there is no shortage of tall buildings
= there is no lack of tall buildings
= there are plenty of tall buildings
13 well-trained训练有素的
well-decorated装修得很好的
14 It seems that the further cats fall, the less they are likely to injure themselves.
the further ... , the less ....
用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级
The harder you study English, the better you can learn it.
15 be likely to do有可能如何
16 and more甚至更多
17 at high speed高速
18 stretch out伸展
Difficulties in exercise
1 for 对于人们来讲
with对于人们来讲，强调对比概念
With some children, their pocket money goes a long way.
2 during在......期间, 强调时间短
through侧重指从空间通过
throughout自始至终, 贯穿始终
3 be based on = be supported by被......证实
Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic
Vocabulary
1 colossal: large in size
近义词 big , large , huge , great , vast , immense , enormous , giant , gigiantic , tremendous , titantic .
big大且很重，重要的
You give me a big surprise.
He is a big person.
The box is big.
large体积大，数量大
an empty large box
a large number of people
great伟大
vast 辽阔
vast desert
immense: 不可测量的，无边无际的 immeasurable
immense stadium
immense iceburg
enormous数量大，程度深，体积大。强调程度时语义强于big
giant巨大的，高大的；巨人
a giant person
gigantic adj.
tremendous: big, fast, powerful.
The plane is travelling at tremenendous speed.
titanic人和物体积大，力量大
The ship is titanic.
huge强调体积大，数量大
a huge stone
a huge amount of money
2 watertight不漏水的
a watertight ship
a watertight argument, a watertight excuse
waterproof防水的
waterproof watch 防水手表 waterproof coat雨衣
3 flood vt.&n.
vt. 1) be filled with water
The ship is flooded.
2) 引申为充满
The room is flooded with moonlight.
n. 洪水
1) in flood河水泛滥
During the rains, the river is in flood.
2) in a flood of words滔滔不绝地
She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.
4 tragic:悲剧的 unfortunate, miserable, bitter
tragedy n. in tragedy
comic喜剧的, comedy喜剧
comical古怪的，可笑的
5 voyage海上航行
flight飞行
journey长途行程
navigation航海，航海术
The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.
6 collide碰撞，抵触
crash坠毁
conflic和......相抵触
clash相冲突
It is said there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains.
My idea conflicts with yours.
His wedding clashed with my examation, so I couldn't go.
7 tremble 有规律，小幅度的抖动
Look, your hands are trembling. What's wrong with you?
shiver 因寒冷、惧怕一连串地抖动
I found she is shivering in a cold.
shudder全身颤栗
The boy is shuddering. Why? Because he was frightening.
8 fiant : (1) weak
weak sound
(2) uncousious
近义词 slight 轻微的，微不足道的
a slight headache
a slight book
9 abandon因为某事被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物
desert 背弃，遗弃
desert the army, desert the duty, desert his family
10 plunge: jump or rush suddenly & wildly投入，跳入
jump强调快速的跳
The boy is jumpimg up and down.
leap跳跃
He leapt out of the sleeping bed.
dive跳水H.
Notes on the text
1 The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912.
sail for 航海去往某处
set out ( off ) for 出发去往某处
leave for, head for, make for
2 Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship.
even by...
by : according to依据
by mordern standards , by regulation, by rules, by our estimate,by our looks, by one's appearance
according to 依据课文、事实等客观存在的现实
according to the fact
according to the text
in my opinion在我看来
in accordance with 比according to更正式
in accordance with law
in accordance with rules
3 be regarded as: be considerde to be ,be thought of as
口语中常说regard sb/sth as + ( n./pron./adj./doing/done)
eg. I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable.
We can't regard the matter as settled.
4 go down: sink
5 on her first voyage = on her maiden voyage 首航
6 with heavy loss of life损失很大，伤亡惨重
7 while the Titanic was sailing across the icy water of the North Atlantic, huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout.
...spotted....: suddenly discovered by a look out
8 icy water水域，海域
9 narrowly勉强地
10 Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.
from below从底部，从下面
from above 从上面
11 to one's horror使某人惊骇的是，使某人恐惧的是
to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是
12 The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.
order/ ability/ capitability
order sb to do sth ---> the order to ( abandon the ship)
be able to do sth ---> the ability to do sth
be capable of ---> the capability of doing sth
Difficulties
Word Building
v.+-er 以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r.表示行为的主动者，做某事的人
work--worker teach--teacher murde--murder write---writer read---reader
v.+ -ist表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业，研究的人
copy --- copist type --- typist novel --- novelist drug --- druggist
tobacco ---tobacconist
adj.+ -ness抽象名词。表示一种性质、情况、状态
kind --- kindess bitter ---bitterness happy --- happiness willing ---willingness
v.+ -ion 名词
suggest --- suggesstion possess --- possession collect --- collection
以-te 结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉再加-ion
translate --- translation complete --- completion graduate --- graduation
某些以-aim, -ain结尾的动词， 把-i 去掉再加-ation
explain --- explanation exclaim --- exclamation
某些以 -ity结尾的, 放在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态
以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibility
able --- ability probable --- probability possible --- possibility mobile ---mobil
（此文章来源：新东方在线）