新东方新概念第3册第11-15课完全笔记
Lesson11 Not guilty
Vocabulary
1 guilty 犯罪的，违法的
He felt guilty when he did what he shouldn't have done.
guilt n.
guiltily adv.
反义词innocent adj. innocence n.
2 tolerant adj.宽容的
tolerantly adv. tolerance n. tolerate vt. toleratable adj.
3 hardened有经验的
=experienced
hardened侧重于老练的
a harden player a hardened thief
experienced侧重于经验丰富的
an experienced teacher
4 professional 职业的，专业的
a professional player
5 officious爱管闲事的
officiously adv. officiousness n.
an officious civil servant爱管闲事的公务员
an officious police officer爱管闲事的警察
6 confidently
He went to do the work confidently.
= with confident
confident adj. confidence n.
have confidence有信心
gain confidence获得信心
in confidence = secretly秘密地，私下地
take sb in one's confidence以某人为心腹
7 dreadful可怕的，乱七八糟的
= frightful胆怯的，恐惧的
8 perfume香水
fragrance抽象名词，芬芳
9 duty税
Custom Duty关税
Stamp Duty印花税
duty free免税的
同义词
tax
income tax所得税
10 baggage行李
= luggage
Text
Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned form abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
'Have you anything to declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.
'No', I answered confidently.
'Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?'
'Not at all,' I answered.
The Officer went through the case with great care. All the thing I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'
'But it isn't perfume,' I said. 'It's hair gel.' Then I added with a smile, 'It's a strange mixture I make myself.'
As I expected, he did not believe me.
'Try it!' I said encouragingly.
The officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.
Notes on the text
1 Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days
表示程度的副词
完全地completely, entirely, fully, thoroughly
thoroughly有“仔仔细细地，彻彻底底地”意
绝对地absolutely
真地，确实really
Even really honest people ...
尤其地，特别的particularly
a particularly officious young Costoms Officer ....
极端地，极其，非常extremely, excessively
fairly “一般般”
very“非常”语气强烈
rather 语意接近 faily
注意rather, faily修饰形容词，副词，特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定式冠词的位置不同
a faily good book
a rather good book
= rather a good book
rather too = quite
quite right quite wrong quite mistaken quite sure
2 the Green Channel = the Customs Office
3 looking me in the eye
look sb in the eye = look sb in the face = stare sb in the eye = look directly at sb
4 The Officer went through the case with great care.
= The officer examined the case carefully.
5 in a mess 乱作一团
in 和名词搭配表示状态
in good order
in good health
in a good mood
in good temper
6 light up: suddenly looks pleased and happy容光焕发 ，喜气洋洋
His face lighted up at the small triumph.
light的过去式，过去分词：lit , lighted
a lighted cigar
a lighted stick一根点燃的火炬
7 with + 抽象名词 表示内心充满了一种感情
with confidence
with care
with pride
with dilight
with surprise
8 pounce on 向。。。猛扑过来|| 对。。。大做文章
The policeman pounced on the thief.
Don't pounce on my mistake.
9 You should have declared that.
should have + P.P.本应该作某事而没做，具有谴责性意思
本不该作某事shoudn't have done
10 exempt免除的，
be exempted from被免除的
11 As I expected, he did not believe me.
as 作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的整个句子的含义
关系代词as和which的区别
as引导的非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前
which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句后
12 greet问候，向。。。致敬；觉察到；呈现在。。。眼前，在。。。耳边
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.
I woke up and was greeted by a bird's song.
Inside the room a dreadful mess greeted us.
When he went into the kitchen, a smell greeted him.
Lesson 12 Life on a desert island
Text
Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, Waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day，and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
1 desert island 荒岛
desert沙漠n.
背弃，遗弃v.
dessert 甜点n.
2 paradise 天堂，乐土
heaven天堂，天国，死亡
3 wretched = miserable可怜的，艰苦的
lead a wretched / miserable / terrible / dog life
4 starve挨饿
be starved to death饿死
5 opportunity机会
golden opportunity
Opportunity knocks only once.千载难逢的机会
opportunity + of, to
chance 表示机会时可与opportunity互换，表示可能性则不可互换
6 genuinely由衷地
He is genuinely thankful to me.
genuine adj.
genuiness n.
7 coral
n. 珊瑚
8 dinghy
n. 救生筏，小船
9 spear gun
捕鱼枪
10 lobster
n. 龙虾
11 tanker
n. 油轮
12 Robinson Crusoe
鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）
Notes on the text
1 form an unrealistic picture of sth对。。。抱有不切实际的幻想
A large number of people have formed an unrealistic of the job.
2 imagine sth to be / imagine sth as
3 quite the opposite 恰恰相反
4 either ...or...句型中谓语动词跟与它临近的主语一致
Either you or I am going to the party.
an element of truth = a bit of truth
5 wish 做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气
如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were代替
如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时
如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的愿望，用情态动词的过去时would, could
I wish you could drive a car.
I wish I hadn't spent so much money.
I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow.
6 if only用法同wish, 但wish比更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
If only the weather would change.
If only you hadn't said that.
If only you would come here tomorrow.
7 load with 往上...装载...
The workers are loading the trucks with goods.
unload 卸载
8 hardly any几乎没有: very little, very few
You hardly eat anything , what's wrong?
9 as one of them put it
put: express
10 fend for oneself独立地照顾某人
11 unduly过分地，过度地
unduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic[/size]
Lesson13 "It's only me."
Text
After her husband had gone to work. Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress party with her husband. She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dining room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table. Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered. Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying 'It's only me', but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.
Vocabulary
1 costume化装服
2 consist由。。。组成
consist of（表示被动的概念）
=be made up of
= comprise整体由部分所构成
be composed of强调由。。。部分所组成
constitué(e) 由部分构成整体
3 effective有明显效果的，有作用的
influential有潜移默化影响力的
efficacious（医药）有效的
fruitful有成效的（试验等）
4 flee ( fled, fled ) vt.&vi.（总称）泛泛强调逃离危险境地
escape vt. 逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 || vi.逃掉，逃出
5 slam = bang
6 metre 电表
Notes on the text
1 too ...to
not / never too ...to 并不太。。。，所以能。。。
One is never too old to learn.
The question is not too difficult for me to answer.
副词前有all, only, but.修饰，表示肯定语气
They are all too satisfied to work with you.
I always too glad to have someone to speak to.
He was but too eager to get home.
2 fancy-dress party = costume party化装舞会
3 be impatient to do sth急于做某事，迫不及待地
impatient可用eager,anxious, hungry, thirsty, desterate, can't wait(口语)替换
4 She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.
动词不定式to wear 修饰 comfortable 做状语
The book is difficult to read.
5 It would be comfortable (for her) to wear.主动形式表达被动概念
（一）不定式或动名词
The music is sweet to hear.
The machine needs repairing.
The dictionary is worth buying.
（二）under
The house is under construction.
The puma is still under control.
The problem is under discussion.
The thief is under arrest.
（三）“使用”，“浪费”，“不用”
The airport came into use again.
Our time has already gone to waste.
（四）“能够被。。。的”--able
She is a respectable person.
（五）consist of , comprise本身有被动概念，“由。。。结构形式组成”
6有人敲门
There was a knock on / at the door.
There was someone at the door.
There was someone knocking the door.
7 if ever -- ever用于条件句中 “任何时间”，“任何场合”
= whenever
If ever/ Whenever he is in trouble, I'll be on the spot.
8 Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs.
Not wanting分词的否定结构形式做原因状语，多用在句首，也用于句中放在主谓间。
Not wanting to make her nervous, the doctor didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.
The doctor, not wanting to make her nervous, didn't fully explain the seriousness of her condition.
9 read the metre查电表
10 let out a cry
= utter / give a cry
shout强调有目的的喊
shout to sb
shout at sb
11 jump back several paces
12 When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.
slamming 现在分词做方式状语或伴随状语，说明逃离的情况
Special difficulties
形容词+动词不定式
He was delighted to learn that his offer had been accepted.
感情类的形容词放在动词不定式前，通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语
如：happy, relieved, astonished, amazed, surprised,horrified, disappointed, sad,
embarrassed, shocked
He was frightened to see the snake.
= He was frightened when he saw the snake.
不定式也可放在表语后，主语是不定式的实际宾语
The car is hard to park.
Some questions are awkward to answer.
在少数几个动词后，不定式可以表示结果 ( learn, find, see, hear, to told )
He lived to see his inventions come to success.
He woke up to find everyone gone.
He went to his house only to find him out.
在不定式前加only表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果
He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut ( closed ).
Lesson 14 A noble gangster
Text
There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.' If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured with as dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.'
Vocabulary
1 gangster歹徒，强盗
robber抢劫犯
bandit强盗，土匪
brigand（书）强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇
hooligan流氓
hoodlum（口）罪犯，恶汉
rascal（口）淘气，捣蛋鬼
2 protection money保护费
protector保护者
protege被保护者
3 promptly = immediately
punctually
4 destroy强调毁灭，消灭，完全地摧毁
damage可以被修复
break强调弄坏，弄断
spoil强调把事情搅了
5 remarkable: unusual, uncommon, extraordinary
a remarkable event
an extraordinary event
outstanding突出的，杰出的，卓越的
Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.
distinguished杰出的，显赫的，不同非凡的
= eminent显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的
a distinguished physicist
an eminent surgeon
an eminent judge
a distinguished lawyer
6 well-known强调众所周知
famous因卓越的贡献而流芳百世
notorious臭名昭著的
= infamous语气较弱
renowned某人或某事以独特的本质或个性而闻名
7 band
表示贬义色彩的团伙帮派的词还有
mob a mob of hooligans
gang a gang of thieves
nest a nest of bandits
pack a pack of hoodlums
8 hire, rent, let, employ
hire out, rent out租给，租出
hire from, rent from租进来
let仅只出租房屋
employ长期雇佣体力劳动者或聘用脑力劳动者
hire短期雇佣体力劳动者
We employed her as our advisor.
The factory employed 500 workers.
He hired 2 helpers.
9 dedicate
dedicate to
He dedicate his first book to his mother.
做献身，奉献解，比 devote 更正式而庄重
10 valiant英勇的
more valiant the most valiant
brave
fearless
courageous
11 memory
in memory of / to the memory of
in sb's honor/ in honor of sb
If my memory serves me well, you're Tom.
Notes on the text
1 in return for目的是为了换取。。。作为对。。。的回报 He gave me some books in return for my help.
2 There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago that to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection.'
when 引导时间状语从句修饰 time
3 put a man out of business使某人失业
put sb./sth. out of...
You are putting me out of patience.
put it out of your mind = forget all about it
4 as long ago as 追溯回到
= dating back to
I knew Jane as long as the year 1980.
5 make the remarkable discovery做出不同寻常的发现
6 本课难点
would rather ... than ... ( 连接动词原形 )
would prefer to do ... than do ...
would prefer doing ... to doing...
would rather / would sooner + that引导的宾语从句（从句用过去时）
7 life work毕生的工作
8 Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers（一帮士兵） and settled（定居在......） near Florence.
9 make a name for himself: become famous
10 come to / get to 渐渐地
I come to be known to my students.
I got to know him.
11 at war
at war with
12 in times of peace
13 march into
14 burn down烧毁
burn up烧光
burn out烧空
The house were burnt out left only empty walls.
15 would offer to go away : would promise to go away
16 in spite of this尽管如此
17 give sb. a state funeral给某人举行国葬
lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble
Text
Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and ants are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.
My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed is right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with large box of chocolates.
Vocabulary
1 Appreciate v.欣赏,感激
The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate.
I appreciate your help.=be thankful/grateful to sb
2 Pocket money 零用钱
Beer money 留给丈夫的零花钱
Green money 美金
Soft/folding money 纸币,钞票
Hard money 硬币
3 Thrifty a.节俭的,不浪费的
同义词:economical ,frugal ;
4 bounce v.弹起,跳起
the coin was bounced.
同义词:jump (跳跃);leap (跃);hop (单足跳);spring(弹跳,n.弹簧);skip(跳跃,略过)
5 stick v.卡住,不能再动;坚持,粘贴
you must stick to your idea.
Stick the stamp on the envelop.
Stick with :忠实于=be faithful to
His arm was stuck.
6 Brigade:消防队
Fire brigade=fire department;fire station
7 grease 润滑油
Notes on the text
1 small gift of money零花钱
这课采用了四种说法
small gift of money
a source of extra income
pocket money
extra income
Children always appreciate small gifts of money.
Husbands always appreciate small gifts of beer money from their wives.
2 provide a regular supply of ... 定期地提供 ...
provide sth. for sb.
provide sb. with sth.
3 go a long way 表示可以买很多东西，维持很久的时间
The money we have will go a long way.
With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way.
go a long way towards对。。。大有帮助
They will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.
4 with&for
for关于，对于。。。来说，考虑到。。。的事实
For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.
with在某一方面，在与某物有关的某一方面，多用于二者的对比
Some people may accept that excuse, but it won't work with me.
5 pence 便士 复数形式是pennies
a fifty pence一个50便士的硬币
a fifty pennies50个1便士的硬币
6 rattle = tinkle叮当作响
roar呼啸（重点突出老虎狮子等大动物的叫声）
This car roar by me.
shout at = bark at 大喊大叫
Don't shout at him.
grunt咕咕哝哝的，哼哼唧唧的
He is grunting.
slam 砰的一声
7 fill up 填满
up
(1) up表示方向
to表示目的地，谈话者所在地
up to 表示到达目的地
towards朝向某个方向，不一定到达目的地
(2)沿着，走向更远的地方，强调距离更远
They walked up the street.
The children run up the garden path to greet their father.
(3)系动词+up 表示消费，摧毁，彻底用完，用光
drink up eat up use up
(4)积存，从少到多，积少成多
We must lay up some boiled food for the winter.
(5)从河的上游到河的下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点
They are sailing up the Thames.
(6)包起来，封住，盖住
button up wrap up lock up fasten up save up wash up do up
8 fty pence is a small price: fifty pence is not much money
a small price算不得什么
For him, 2000 dollars is not a small price to pay for it.
9 find their way there:reach抵达，到达，找到自己的去处
Rivers find their way to the sea.
How did such a foolish statement find its way into print.
I have just bought a new book shelf, and all my books have already found their way there.
10 roll vi.滚动
The pencil rolled under the table.
roll vt.滚动
He rolled the ball towards the puppy.
roll up 卷起，挽起
roll up your sleeves
roll up the carpet
11 what 引导的插入语 起加强语气的作用
what is more important
what is worse
what is more
what is rare
12 gather round
13 rubbed his arm with sth.
14 firmly坚定地，稳固地 加强语气
15 The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease.
using 现在分词作状语，强调一种方式
16 reward ... with用 ......来奖励某人
（此文章来源：新东方在线）