新东方新概念第3册第24-26课完全笔记

Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard
Text
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard'. At some dramatic moment in the story, the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very pound of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spend an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the tow suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than "a terrible secret'; this was a read skeleton! But George was unsympathetic. 'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. 'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.'
Vocabulary
Skeleton n.骷髅
A skeleton in the cupboard= A skeleton in the closet=a family skeleton家丑
Skeleton key 万能钥匙
Walking skeleton骨瘦如柴的人
Reduced to a skeleton 瘦的皮包骨
Respectable a.体面的,雅观的=decent,graceful,deserving,respect
He is the most respectable man,他是最可敬的人
Respectful a.充满敬意的,尊敬人的
Respective a.各自的
Conceal v.隐藏,隐瞒,=hide但比hide 更正式,更强烈
Conceal sth from sb
Hide hid hidden
Vivid a.栩栩如生的;鲜艳的,活泼的
Vivid blue 鲜蓝色
More vivid, the most vivid
Dramatic a.令人激动的,比exciting 更强烈
The dramatic thing is still in my mind.
Fiction n.小说(集合名词)不可数
Novel 某一部具体的小说
Varying a.不同的(强调变化中的),=various 不同种类的
Different 侧重强调与。。。不一样
Stack v.强调把……叠起来
Underclothes: underclothing, underwear内衣
Petrify v.使惊呆=shock,dumbfound
At the news ,I was petrified.
Unsympathetic a.不表同情的
Sympathy n.同情，in sympathy=sympathetically a.同情
Notes on the text
seemingly = from appearance
a seemingly respectable person
possess = have got, own
The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.
不定式to做定语修饰 a vivid saying
ruin 泛指概念，表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的
destroy: 把凭借某种外力来破坏和摧毁事物，完全摧毁
damage: 侧重强调把…弄坏，但是可以修复
one's hair stands on end :某人感到毛骨悚然的
make/set one's hair stand on end: 使某人感到毛骨悚然的
everyone 单独使用做句子的一个成分，every & one 要连用
而强调整体中的个体要分开用，如“她的5个丈夫”every one of her 5 husbands
it is all very well but 不赞成不满意的反语，"好倒是好，但是……"
It is all very well for them to ask me to do it, but I am too busy.
occur: 某个事件出乎意料的发生（正式）
happen: 某个事件出乎意料发生
take place: 事件根据安排"举行"
It occurs to everyone that ..不能用happen
When did the wedding take place?
to varying degrees在不同程度上
learn: 得知、了解某个事实，学习某种知识、技能
know 知道某个事实，具有某方面的知识、技能；认识，了解某个人（状态动词，不能用于进行时态）
instead of + doing
Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became ...
I once spend an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house.
which指代uncomfortable weekend
come down to dinner下来吃饭
stay to dinner留下来吃饭
stood in front of sth. petrified: 站在…前，目瞪口呆
petrified: to fell extremely frightened, especially they are unable to move or speak
We stood petrified as we felt the earthquake began.
frightened在某个特定场合受到惊吓
I was frightened by a large dog.
terrified惊吓的程度更加强烈，感到恐怖
I wa terrified when the tiger went after me.
afraid (of )一种状态，永久性的恐惧
The girl is afraid of mouse.
make a lasting impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象
have a false impression of sb: 对某人有错误的看法
give sb impression that: 给某人印象
impress sb with sth 用…给某人留下印象
The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me.
that引导同位语从句，进一步说明impression的内涵
leap out at sb.跳出来扑向某人
drop 是我所发出的主动动作, 所以用 -ing
Lesson25 The Cutty Sark
Text
One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. These is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
Vocabulary
Impressive a.给人深刻印象的
Impression n.印象
Make a lasting impression on sb 给某人以不可磨灭的印象
Have a false impression of sb 对某人有错误的看法
Give sb the impression that 给某人印象
Impress vt
What impressed me most was your diamond ring.
Impress sb with sth 用……给某人留下深刻和印象
Vessel n.轮船，大木船,（正式）可代替ship ,boat ,用于文学体裁
Boat n.比ship 小，非正式场合可以换用
Ship n.
Era n.时期，时代
The beginning of new era
The end of old era
Times :历史上的一个阶段“时代，时期”
Roman times 罗马时代
Era :“纪元”，地球，人类社会历史上一个很长的时期，以特别事物或发展为标志
Age :特定的历史阶段（大写，须与其他词构成专有名词）
Steer v.掌握方向,驾驶水陆交通工具，强调掌握方向，导航
He steered the boat suddenly.他突然改变了小船的方向。
Drive :开汽车、火车
Pilot :操纵轮船、飞机
Temporary a临时的，lasting for limited time
Temporarily adv
Temporainess n.
=Transient a.短暂的，瞬间的（temporary 持续的时间更长）
反义词：permanent 永久性的
contemporary a.当代的
Notes on the text
dry land陆地
serve as:(=act as ) 起…作用
marked the end of : 标志…的结束
... impressive reminder of ...（留下）深刻的印象，（作为）......的回忆
stream ship蒸气船
sailing ship / sailing vessel 帆船
match = be equal to
match in / for
No clothes can match yor dress for beauty.
take the lead: 处于领先地位== go into the lead
lose the lead: 失去领先地位
in the lead: 处于领先地位（状态）
take over the lead: 取得领先地位
It seems certain that ... 看来，...... 是肯定的了。
be struck by a very heavy storm严重地遭遇到了雨 / 雪
be caught in the rain/snow 遇到了雨／雪
torn away = destroyed, pull down
fitted: equipped
with great difficulty克服重重困难做某事
there was a danger that+同位语从句 ……会有危险
call in at: （船）停靠，（人）拜访
at tremendous speed
tremendous: innormal, fantastic
considering that考虑到………
引导完整的语句
We should forgive him considering that he is ill badly.
There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
There is no doubt that ...毫无疑问 ......
There is no doubt + that ...
There is some doubt + wh- ...
There is no doubt that he is guilty.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
复习与过去事实相反的虚拟和与现在事实相反的虚拟
Difficulties in exercise
set out :出发
set out on: 出发进行比赛
Eg: set out on the trip/journey/excursion
depart for 去往某处
in respect of==with regard to 关于，至于
in view of 以…观点考虑到＝considering
account 要与其他介词搭配使用。如account for
Lesson 26 Wanted: a large biscuit tin
Text
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something for nothing. An advertisement which begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as well. They devise hundreds of competitions which will enable us to win huge sums of money. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to capture the attention of millions of people in this way.
During a radio programme, a company of biscuit manufacturers once asked listeners to bake biscuits and send them to their factory. They offered to pay (dollar)10 a pound for the biggest biscuit baked by a listener. The response to this competition was tremendous. Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. One lady brought in a biscuit on a wheelbarrow. It weighed nearly 500 pounds. A little later, a man came along with a biscuit which occupied the whole boot of his car. All the biscuits that were sent were carefully weighed. The largest was 713 pounds. It seemed certain that this would win the prize. But just before the competition closed, a lorry arrived at the factory with a truly colossal biscuit which weighed 2,400 pounds. It had been baked by a college student who had used over 1,000 pounds of flour, 800 pounds of sugar, 200 pounds of fat, and 400 pounds of various other ingredients. It was so heavy that a crane had to be used to remove it from the lorry. The manufacturers had to pay more money than they had anticipated, or they bought the biscuit from the student for (dollar)24,000.
Vocabulary
influence v.影响，强调潜移默化的影响力
Literature and art have great influence on people's ideology.
Don't be influenced by bad examples.
Under the influence of 受……影响
We are under the influence of advertisements.
Have influence over sb 有左右某人的能力
A teacher has influence over his students.
Exercise influence on sb's behalf 为某人而尽力
On sb's behave 为某人的利益
The boss exercises influence on his employee's behalf.
Influence/affect:
Influence :通过劝说，行为，榜样来改变一个人的行业或思想，是潜移默化的影响力
Affect :对……产生不良影响
The bad examples will affect a lot number of students .
Influential a.有影响力的
Pride v/n 骄傲
Pride onself on 为什么而感到骄傲=take pride in /be proud of
Pride oneself on/upon
He prided himself on his driving skill.
In the pride of 处于最佳状态（顶峰）
She is still young and in the pride of her beauty.
Put one's pride in one's pocket.控制自尊心
Taste n.鉴赏力
She has excellent taste in dress.她在服装方面有极高的品味。
A taste of 尝一点，尝一口
Oh,let me have a taste of your coffee.
In good taste 文雅，得体
The beautiful girl is in good taste.
In bad taste庸俗，不得体
Taste :有什么味道
The dish tasted of fish.
To one’s taste 合某人的口味，称某人的心愿
He did what he wanted to do to his taste.
There is accounting for tastes.人各有所好
He who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.不知黄莲苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。
Testable a.可品尝的
Tasteless 没有味道的，无味的
Taste blindness 味盲
Taste maker 时尚的首创者
Exert v.施加
Exert sth on sb
His wife exerted a lot of pressure on him to change his job.
He likes to exert his authority on us.
Exert oneself 努力，尽力
He never exerted himself to study hard.
Exert every effort尽一切努力
Exertion n.施加
Subtle a.微妙的，难以捉摸的;敏感的，敏锐的delicate, hardly noticeful
Advertisements exert subtle influence on us.
He is a subtle observer.
Subtly adv.微妙地，敏锐地
Subtleness=subtlety
Advertiser n.做广告的人，广告商
Advertise v.做广告
Advertisement n.广告
Classify v.分类
The books have been classified according to subjects.
Classification n.分类
Classified a.分类的，机密的
Classifiable a.可分类的
Classifier n.分类者
Capture v.吸引，赢得
His wonderful performance captured my attention.
Capture v.捕获，俘获
The police captured the two thieves.
Anticipate v.t.预期，预料
Anticipate/expect
Anticipate :预料到
Our attack failed because the enemy anticipated.
Anticipate 期待，指望，预料
We anticipated the enemy would try to cross the river ,so we decided to destroy the bridge.我们预料敌人可能会企图过河，所以我们决定破坏这个桥。
Expect :期待，希望某事发生
期待，指望anticipate=expect
I am not expecting any trouble.
We are anticipating(expecting) a large crowd of people at tonight's meeting.
He is the man who is always anticipating trouble.
Anticipate :注重强调的内容以高兴和恐惧的心情，期待所想之事或预料之事的发生。
The students are anticipating a wonderful vacation.
Notes on the text
no one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.
no one与avoid构成双重否定
让步状语从句重点
as引导的让步状语从句，句子要倒装（形容词、副词、名词、动词用在as前）
（一）adj. + as + 主语 +谓语
Rich as he is, he is not happy.
Tired as I was, I try to help them.
（二）adv.(much) + as +从句
Much as I like you, I will not marry you.
Much as I hate to do it, I must stay home and study English.
（三）v. + as + 主语 + 助动词
Try as they may, they will never succeed.
Object as my parents may, I deceide to do it.
effort: 1.努力，竭尽全力 需要花费脑力和体力的事情 不可数名词
It took a lot of effort to lift the box.
A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition.
2.努力，竭尽全力 可数名词
make every effort全力做某事
We are making every effort to study English.
in one's effort to do为了干好某事，在干好某事的过程中
In their effort to learn English well, they spend a lot of time.
make a close study对.......做了仔细的研究
close: careful
get something for nothing: 免费得到……
= get something for free
not only…but…as well……不仅……而且……
make it possible for sb to do sth 使……可能
His few material possessions made it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.
The money he won made it possible for him to make a tour around the world.
capture(catch,receive,arrest,draw) the attention of sb 吸引某人的注意
response: reaction
before long: soon, shortly
occuipy: take up占据
It seems certain that ...
It is certain that ...
We are sure that ...
It做形式主语，不能用sure
close: end
remove: unload

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