新东方新概念第3册第27-29课完全笔记
Lesson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy
Text
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What is the most important thing for a tramp?
It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, yet we might grudge paying a surgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.
Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule. Beggars almost sell themselves as human being to arouse the pity of passers-by. But real tramps are not beggars. They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him. He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but his is free from the thousands of anxieties which afflict other people. His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do. He may hunt, beg, or stead occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of my even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom. We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
参考译文
据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。
在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
Vocabulary
Wisdom n.智慧
He shows great wisdom.
He is a man of wisdom.
Cut sb's wisdom teeth 开始识世故
Spiritual a.精神上的
Heart spiritual
Spiritual life 精神生活
Mental a.智力的
Physical a.物质的,肉体的
Spirited a.生机勃勃的,精神饱满的,猛烈的
Our spiritual need 我们精神上的需要
Spirituals含酒精的
Dignity n.尊严
With great dignity 仪态大方
Stand/keep on one's dignity保持尊严
Pocket one's dignity 放下架子
Lose one's dignity 有失体面
Dignify v.
Dignified a.威严的,高贵的
Deliberately a.故意的
On purpose :故意,强调目的性
He cough on purpose to attract my attraction.
The insulting words was made deliberately.
Consequence n.后果,结果
Result :按常规产生的结果
Effect :效果
Outcome:竞赛或悬而未决的最后结局
In consequence因此; in consequence of由于。。。的缘故
Take the consequence of承担。。。后果
Afflict v.折磨,使苦恼
Be afflicted
We are sympathetic to him because he is afflicted with a dease.
Affliction n.
Afflicted a .苦恼的
Ease n.容易
With ease 轻而易举的
With ease 自在
At ease 自在 ill at ease 不自在
Put sb at his ease 让某人不拘束
Take sb's ease 安下心来
I took my ease to study here.
Comtempt n.蔑视
In contempt of 轻视,不顾及
In contempt of his father's objection
Hold sb in contempt=look down upon sb
Contemptable a.可轻视的,不耻的，卑鄙的
Contemptuous a.轻视的,傲慢的,轻蔑的
语气比Dispite 强烈的多
scorn 侧重在于因强烈的反感而促成的愤慨或蔑视
put scorn on 对……嗤之以鼻
envious a.妒忌的
jealous 妒忌的，吃醋
Notes on the text
live by: to make enough money to feed oneself
依靠某种职业为生
live on 依靠某种食物维持生命，或靠某人生活
in the light of= according to, taking into account 依据，按照
in accordance with: 依据(法律)更正式
in terms of: 按照，就……而言，关于
with respect to in respect of
with regard to in regard to as regards
There are times when ... 有的时候 ......
grudge + n. / 动名词 不愿意，舍不得......
in seeking independence
in + 动名词搭配，表示"在……的过程中"
In speaking to him, I found him stammer / stuter.
on + 动名词搭配，表示"一……就……"
On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for corner.
delibertately: after careful sonsideration
be free from 不受……的影响
keep oneself alive 为了生存
speak of: 谈及
speak for: 为…辩护
speak on: 就…发言
speak to: 与…谈话
from place to place 四处，到处(=here and there)
one way or another 表示某种方法或途径
in every sense 名副其实，在各种意义上来说，不折不扣的
look down on= = look down upon 瞧不起
convict 宣判某人有罪(常与of 连用)
blame 责备（常与for连用）
condemn to 判决
how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？
How many of us can honestly say that we would not like to learn English well?
Lesson 28 Five pounds too dear
Text
Small boats loaded with wares sped to the great liner as she was entering the harbour. Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were son covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful handmade silverware. It was difficult not to be tempted. Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, but I decide not to buy anything until I had disembarked.
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring. I had no intention of buying one, but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds. Some of them were as big as marbles. The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real. As we were walking past a shop, he held a diamond firmly against the window and made a deep impression in the glass. It took me over half an hour to get rid of him.
The next man to approach me was selling expensive pens and watches. I examined one of the pens closely. It certainly looked genuine. At the base of the gold cap, the words 'made in the U.S.A' had been nearly inscribed. The man said that the pen was worth (dollar)50, but as a special favour, he would let me have it for (dollar)30. I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I was willing to pay (dollar)5. Gesticulating wildly, the man acted as if he found my offer outrageous, but he eventually reduced the price to (dollar)10. Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away when, a moment later, he ran after me and thrust the pen into my hands. Though he kept throwing up his arms in despair, he readily accepted the (dollar)5 I have him. I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain -- until I got back to the ship. No matter how hard I tried, it was impossible to fill this beautiful pen with ink and to this day it has never written a single world!
Vocabulary
wares 货郎随身带的货物
复合词，表示“器皿，器具”
hardware
software
silverware
ironware
glassware
chinaware
tinware
goods :商店里出售的商品
commodity :（正式，总称）商品
a good bargain 好交易
make a bargain 达成协议，做成交易
drive a hard bargain with sb 和某人费力的讨价还价
bargain with sb for sth 和某人就……讨价还价
tempt v.吸引，引诱
tempt sb to do sth 吸引某人做某事
temptation n.引诱
the temptation to do sth
tempting a.有吸引力的=attractive
bargain n/v.讨价还价
a good bargain 好交易
make a bargain 达成协议，做成交易
drive a hard bargain with和某人费力地讨价还价
bargain with sb for sth 和某人就……讨价还价
bargain away 讨价出售
disembark =debark下船上岸
embark上船
assail v.=annoy sb continually纠缠
he was assailed with worries.
Afflict v.困扰
Favour n.好处，优惠
In favour of 赞成，支持，有利于
In one’s favour 受某人欢迎，得到欢心
Out of favour不利，失宠
By favour of 烦请面交
Do sb a favour 给某人以恩惠
Favourite 受到优惠的，优待的
Favourable 赞成的，称赞的
Outrageous a.出使预料的，令人不悦的
=unexpected and offensive
he played an outrageous joke.
Outrage n.暴行
Rage n.盛怒，发怒
Fly into a rage 勃然大怒
Thrust v.硬塞给
Thrust sth into 塞进
Thrust aside 推开
Thrust oneself forward 向前挤
Thrust oneself in 探听，干涉=thrust one’s nose into
Thrust sth upon sb 强加于人
Thrust sb out 解雇
Notes on the text
speed down hill 向山下疾驶
speed up 向山上疾驶
speed by 迅速驶过
be covered with布满了
It was difficult not to be tempted.
双重否定
It was difficult not to be tempted by the beautiful shoes.
It was impossible not to be tempted by the beautiful clothes.
no sooner ... than ...
no sooner后的动词要用过去完成时
如no sooner位于句首，句子倒装
表示"一…就…"的句型有：as soon as, the moment that, on doing, had no sooner than, had hardly when
have no intention of doing sth 不打算做某事
intention = thought, plan
I couldn't conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamond ring.
I couldn't conceal the fact that ... that引导的同位语从句
He couldn't conceal the fact that he was taken in（受骗）.
go to great(considerable, any) lengths 竭尽全力，不惜一切代价
He went to great lengths to pass this exam.
real: 真的，不是捏造出来的 || 非人工制造的（= genuine）
~reason ~fear ~money
true: 与事实或现实符合<-->false
Only quarter of his story is true.
genuine: 不是伪造的，非人工制造的（常用来修饰金银、字画、古董<-->fake
Is this genuine Ming vessel?
No, it is a fake.
get rid of 摆脱，去除 ~stain = wash
治好cure ~cold I have tried all sorts of medicine to get rid of this cold.
还清（债务）He can never get rid of his debt.
at the base of 在……的底部
as a special favour 作为一种特殊的优惠
for出价钱
As a special favour, he would let me have it for 30 pounds.
held up five fingers indicating ...
indicating意思是说......
act as if 行为举止好像 ......
as if = as though
outrageous: unexpected, unbeared
keep doing sth. 不间断的，不停的做某事
keep on doing sth. 反复、重复干某事(中间可以有短暂的暂停)
in despair绝望地
readily: reluctantly, willingly
be pleased with= be satisfied with 对……感到满意
no matter how = however
to this day = up till now, until now, so far
Lesson 29 Funny or not?
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the basis of 'sick' humour?
Whether we find a joke funny or not largely depends on were we have been brought up. The sense of humour is mysteriously bound up with national characteristics. A Frenchman, for instance, might find it hard to laugh at a Russian joke. In the same way, a Russian might fail to see anything amusing in a joke witch would make an Englishman laugh to tears.
Most funny stories are based on comic situations. In spite of national differences, certain funny situations have a universal appeal. No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films. However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from the U.S., has recently come into fashion. It is called 'sick humour'. Comedians base their jokes on tragic situation like violent death or serious accidents. Many people find this sort of joke distasteful The following example of 'sick humour' will enable you to judge for yourself.
A man who had broken his right leg was taken to hospital a few weeks before Christmas. From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home. He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. Though the doctors did his best, the patient's recovery was slow. On Christmas Day, the man still had his right leg in plaster. He spent a miserable day in bed thinking of all the fun he was missing. The following day, however, the doctor consoled him by telling him that his chances of being able to leave hospital in time for New Year celebrations were good. The good. The man took heart and, sure enough, on New Years' Eve he was able to hobble along to a party. To compensate for his unpleasant experiences in hospital, the man drank a little more than was good for him. In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals. He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
Vocabulary
Largely a.在很大程度上=to a great extent
His success was largely due to luck.
Universal a.普遍的,一般的,广泛的,万能的
Universal agent 全权代理人
Universal time 世界时
Universal joint 万向接头
Universality n.普遍性
Universally adv
It’s universally acknowledged that English is getting more and more important.
Universe n.宇宙
Comedian .n.滑稽演员,喜剧演员
Comedy n.喜剧
Tragedy n.悲剧
Tragic a.悲剧的
Distasteful a.讨厌的=Unpleasant, displeasing
The idea is distasting to me.
Pester v.一再要求,纠缠=asail
Pester sb to do
Pester sb with
He continually pester his boss with demands .
Pester sb for sth
Dread v.惧怕
后面可以跟名词,动名词,不定式搭配连用
we were dreading his arrival.
He dreaded having to meet his parents.
Dreadful ;dreaded
In dread of
fear
horrify
Console v.t.安慰,慰问
he is consoling his friend in grief for the loss of child.
Notes on the text
be difficult to
It was diffcult not to be tempted.
stem from -- come from, arise from, originate from
His feelings of hate stems from envy.
come into fashion
come into being
come into power
his chances of doing sth are good/remote 做……可能性极大/极小
most of 后面必须 + the 再 + 名词
Eg: most of the students
the majority of ……大多数
take heart
He took heart when he got the good news,
反义词lose heart
than 引导省略主语的比较从句
nessary, good, possible, anticipate, expect, feel, support, report, require, think
There were more accidents than I was reported.
The cake is more than is good for him.
He ate more than is good for him.
as也可以引导省略主句的语句、同级比较级
He eats just as much as is good for him.
He arrived as I expected. ---> He arrived as was expected.
The man drank a little more than was good for him.
--- He drank a lot. --- He drank more than he could bear.
他喝得多了。
The man drank as much was good for him.
他喝得不多不少，恰到好处。
委婉
She is not right fat.她很胖。
in the process
Yesterday, I went swimming. In the process, I had a very good time.
How much --- too what extent
How much can I trust him?
--- To what extent can i trust him?
参考译文
我们觉得一则笑话是否好笑，很大程度取决于我们是在哪儿长大的。幽默感与民族有着神秘莫测的联系。譬如，法国人听完一则俄国笑话可能很难发笑。同样的道理，一则可以令英国人笑出泪来的笑话，俄国人听了可能觉得没有什么可笑之处。
大部分令人发笑的故事都是根据喜剧情节编写的。尽管民族不同，有些滑稽的情节却能产生普遍的效果。比如说，不管你生活在哪里，你看查理.卓别林的早期电影很难不发笑。然而，近来一种新式幽默流行了起来，这种幽默主要来自美国。它被叫作“病态幽默”。喜剧演员根据悲剧情节诸如暴死，重大事故等来编造笑话。许多人认为这种笑话是低级庸俗的。下面是个“病态幽默”的实例，你可据此自己作出判断。
圣诞节前几周，某人摔断了右腿被送进医院。从他进医院那一刻时，他就缠住医生，让医生告诉他什么时候能回家。他十分害怕在医院过圣诞。尽管医生竭力医治，但病人恢复缓慢。圣诞节那天，他的右腿还上着石膏，他在床上郁郁不乐地躺了一天，想着他错过的种种欢乐。然而，第二天，医生安慰他说，出院欢度新年的可能性还是很大的，那人听后振作了精神。果然，除夕时他可以一瘸一拐地去参加晚会了。为了补偿住院这一段不愉快的经历，那人喝得稍许多了一点。在晚会上他尽情娱乐，一再告诉大家他是多么讨厌医院。晚会结束时，他嘴里还在嘟哝着医院的事，突然踩到一块冰上滑倒了，摔断了左腿。
（此文章来源：新东方在线）